# Burkitt lymphoma

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/  
OnCo record `burkitt-lymphoma` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Burkitt lymphoma is the fastest-growing human tumour, driven by a single rearrangement that switches on the MYC gene. That speed makes it exquisitely sensitive to chemotherapy: short, intense courses, now with the antibody rituximab, cure the great majority of children in well-resourced settings. The remaining task is to bring the same cure to the African children who make up most cases.

## Summary

Burkitt lymphoma is a mature B-cell neoplasm defined by translocation of MYC to an immunoglobulin locus, most often t(8;14), with cooperating mutations in ID3, TCF3 and CCND3. It exists in three epidemiological forms: endemic (equatorial Africa and Papua New Guinea, almost always Epstein-Barr virus positive, linked to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, classically presenting in the jaw or abdomen), sporadic (worldwide, usually abdominal, EBV in a minority) and immunodeficiency-associated (HIV). The 2022 WHO classification separates EBV-positive and EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma. Bone-marrow and CNS involvement define the highest-risk group and are common at presentation.

Treatment is short, dose-intense, CNS-directed multi-agent chemotherapy: the French LMB and German BFM regimens in children (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, high-dose methotrexate, cytarabine, etoposide, doxorubicin with intrathecal therapy), CODOX-M/IVAC or dose-adjusted EPOCH-R in adults. The Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010 trial (NEJM 2020) showed that adding rituximab to LMB chemotherapy in high-risk children and adolescents improved event-free survival, making rituximab part of paediatric standard care. Tumour lysis syndrome at treatment start is a major hazard and rasburicase, hydration and a low-intensity pre-phase are integral to the protocols. Relapse is uncommon but very hard to treat; CD19 CAR-T and bispecific antibodies are being explored.

The global picture is stark: in sub-Saharan Africa, where most cases occur, cure rates are limited by late presentation, supportive-care capacity and the toxicity of intensive regimens. Cyclophosphamide-based and modified LMB regimens with rituximab (where affordable) have improved outcomes in Malawi, Uganda and elsewhere, and the AfriBL and other consortia are testing risk-adapted, resource-appropriate protocols. Burkitt lymphoma is therefore both a model of curable cancer and a test of whether cures can travel.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-10
- Also known as: Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia; Endemic Burkitt lymphoma; Sporadic Burkitt lymphoma; Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt lymphoma
- Tags: nci-coverage; paediatric; haematologic; global-health
- Group: haematologic
- Burden: The most common childhood cancer in equatorial Africa and the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma of children worldwide; rare in adults (NCI PDQ).
- Subtypes: Endemic (EBV-positive, malaria-associated); Sporadic; Immunodeficiency-associated (HIV); Burkitt leukaemia (more than 25% marrow blasts); High-grade B-cell lymphoma with 11q aberration (Burkitt-like, MYC-negative)
- Biomarkers: MYC rearrangement (t(8;14), t(2;8), t(8;22)) by FISH; EBV status (EBER); Ki-67 near 100%; ID3, TCF3, CCND3 mutations; Lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid (tumour lysis risk); Bone marrow and cerebrospinal-fluid involvement (stage IV / leukaemic)

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/#overview [1 subtype, 7 state-of-the-art points]
- Types and stages (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/#what-it-is [6 subtypes]
- Symptoms and diagnosis (on the hub): How this cancer shows itself, how the diagnosis is confirmed, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/#finding-it [6 biomarkers]
- Treatment (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/#treating-it [7 settings, 2 regimens, 7 decisions with options]
- Trials and papers (on the hub): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the trials held by this cancer's subtypes, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/#evidence [4 trials, 4 key papers, 7 milestones]
- Biology and targets (on the hub): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/#science [27 targets, 6 pathways]
- Countries and centres (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, the expert centres with trials on record, and the centres named on this cancer's subtypes. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/where-you-are/ [5 centres, 25 UK centres]
- Decisions and support (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/#living-with-it [23 questions, 6 red cards]
- Pipeline and open problems (own page): Everything in development, the medicines held by this cancer's subtypes, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/coming/ [11 medicines, 4 trials, 1 idea, 4 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-lymphoma/data/ [114 connected records]

## Standard of care

- Children and adolescents, all stages: Risk-stratified LMB or BFM regimen with intrathecal therapy; rituximab added for high-risk (stage III with high LDH, stage IV, leukaemic) disease per Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010; low-intensity pre-phase and tumour lysis prophylaxis. ([Rituximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/rituximab/), [Cyclophosphamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/cyclophosphamide/), [Methotrexate](https://onco.cc/drugs/methotrexate/), [Doxorubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxorubicin/), [Vincristine](https://onco.cc/drugs/vincristine/), [Etoposide](https://onco.cc/drugs/etoposide/), [Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010](https://onco.cc/trials/inter-b-nhl-ritux-2010/))
- Adults: Dose-adjusted EPOCH-R (lower toxicity, effective in older and HIV-positive patients) or CODOX-M/IVAC-R or hyper-CVAD-R; CNS prophylaxis in all. ([Rituximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/rituximab/), [Cyclophosphamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/cyclophosphamide/), [Doxorubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxorubicin/), [Etoposide](https://onco.cc/drugs/etoposide/), [Methotrexate](https://onco.cc/drugs/methotrexate/))
- Resource-limited settings: Cyclophosphamide-based or modified LMB regimens with intrathecal therapy, adding rituximab where available; investment in supportive care (transfusion, antimicrobials, tumour lysis management) is the main lever. ([Cyclophosphamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/cyclophosphamide/), [Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries](https://onco.cc/technologies/global-oncology-access/))
- Relapsed or refractory: No standard; salvage chemotherapy with autologous or allogeneic transplant in responders, CD19 CAR-T and bispecific antibodies in trials. ([Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/), [Allogeneic stem cell transplantation](https://onco.cc/technologies/allogeneic-hsct/), [CAR-T cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/car-t/))
- Burkitt lymphoma in adults: which intensive regimen, and the pre-phase that prevents tumour lysis: The fastest-growing human tumour, with a doubling time measured in hours, and curable in the large majority when treated immediately with an intensive multi-agent regimen that includes central nervous system-directed treatment. R-CHOP is not adequate and should not be used.

Three accepted regimens. Risk-adapted dose-adjusted EPOCH-R, tested in 113 adults across 22 centres: low-risk patients received three cycles with no central nervous system prophylaxis and high-risk patients six cycles with intrathecal prophylaxis; event-free survival was 84.5 per cent and overall survival 87.0 per cent at a median 58.7 months, with event-free survival of 100 per cent in the low-risk group and 82.1 per cent in the high-risk group. It worked equally well regardless of age, HIV status and IPI group, and five patients (4 per cent) died of treatment. CODOX-M/IVAC and hyper-CVAD with high-dose methotrexate and cytarabine are the older, more intensive inpatient alternatives, used particularly where there is central nervous system involvement, for which dose-adjusted EPOCH-R performed least well.

Before the first full dose: a pre-phase of low-dose cyclophosphamide and prednisolone for about a week to shrink the tumour gradually, intravenous fluids, allopurinol or rasburicase, and electrolyte monitoring every six to eight hours. Tumour lysis syndrome, not the lymphoma, is what kills people in the first week. ([Tumour lysis syndrome in lymphoma: who is at risk, and rasburicase](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-tumour-lysis/), [Rasburicase](https://onco.cc/drugs/rasburicase/), [The lymphoma regimen alphabet: R-CHOP, pola-R-CHP, DA-EPOCH-R, ABVD, BEACOPP and the rest](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet/), [Rituximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/rituximab/), [Etoposide](https://onco.cc/drugs/etoposide/), [Doxorubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxorubicin/), [Cyclophosphamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/cyclophosphamide/), [Vincristine](https://onco.cc/drugs/vincristine/), [Prednisone](https://onco.cc/drugs/prednisone/), [Methotrexate](https://onco.cc/drugs/methotrexate/), [Cytarabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/cytarabine/), [Ifosfamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/ifosfamide/), [Intrathecal therapy (lumbar puncture, Ommaya reservoir)](https://onco.cc/terms/intrathecal-therapy/), [Fertility before lymphoma treatment: what to ask for, and when](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-fertility-preservation/))
- Burkitt lymphoma with HIV, and in countries where the endemic form is common: HIV does not change the regimen. In the 113-adult dose-adjusted EPOCH-R study a quarter of patients were HIV positive and did as well as the rest; antiretroviral therapy is continued through chemotherapy, with attention to interactions, and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis is given. Rituximab is used in HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma provided the CD4 count is not very low.

The endemic form, driven by Epstein-Barr virus and malaria and presenting as a jaw or abdominal mass in children in equatorial Africa, is treated with regimens designed for what a unit can actually deliver: reduced-intensity cyclophosphamide-based protocols with intrathecal therapy, given where blood products, dialysis and intensive care may not be available. Cure rates in those settings are lower than in high-income countries, and the limiting factors are late presentation, abandonment of treatment and supportive care rather than the drugs. Where rituximab can be obtained, adding it to chemotherapy improves outcomes in high-risk paediatric mature B-cell lymphoma. ([Practical recommendations for the management of children with endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in a resource limited setting](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-hesseling-pediatr-blood-cancer/), [Rituximab for High-Risk, Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Children](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-minard-colin-n-engl-j-med/), [Rituximab plus concurrent infusional EPOCH chemotherapy is highly effective in HIV-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-sparano-blood/), [Rituximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/rituximab/), [Cyclophosphamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/cyclophosphamide/), [Intrathecal therapy (lumbar puncture, Ommaya reservoir)](https://onco.cc/terms/intrathecal-therapy/), [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/ebv-term/), [Tumour lysis syndrome in lymphoma: who is at risk, and rasburicase](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-tumour-lysis/), [Infection prophylaxis in lymphoma: PJP, herpes, fungal risk and vaccination](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-pjp-and-infection-prophylaxis/))
- Burkitt lymphoma that relapses: Relapse is uncommon, occurs early and is difficult to treat; it is the reason the first regimen must be the right one. Options are a non-cross-resistant salvage regimen such as R-ICE or R-GDP followed by autologous or allogeneic transplant in those who respond, CD19 CAR-T, which has activity but is less well established here than in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and a clinical trial. Central nervous system involvement at relapse requires high-dose methotrexate or cytarabine with intrathecal therapy. Early and explicit discussion of what is realistic belongs in this conversation, alongside the offer of a trial. ([The lymphoma regimen alphabet: R-CHOP, pola-R-CHP, DA-EPOCH-R, ABVD, BEACOPP and the rest](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet/), [Stem cell transplant in lymphoma: what it is still for](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-transplant-role/), [Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/), [Allogeneic stem cell transplantation](https://onco.cc/technologies/allogeneic-hsct/), [CAR-T cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/car-t/), [Axicabtagene ciloleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/axicabtagene-ciloleucel/), [Methotrexate](https://onco.cc/drugs/methotrexate/), [Cytarabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/cytarabine/), [Early integrated palliative care](https://onco.cc/technologies/palliative-care/))

## State of the art

- Short intensive chemotherapy cures most children; rituximab added a further step in high-risk disease (Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010).
- MYC translocation plus a small set of cooperating mutations make Burkitt one of the best-understood lymphomas at the genomic level.
- Dose-adjusted EPOCH-R has made adult and HIV-associated Burkitt lymphoma treatable with far less toxicity.
- The largest gap is geographical: most children with Burkitt lymphoma live where intensive protocols and supportive care are hard to deliver, and adapted regimens are closing the gap.
- MYC is the defining lesion and has been localisable since 1982, when the gene was mapped to the chromosome 8 region translocated to chromosome 2, 14 or 22 in Burkitt cells. The partner is always an immunoglobulin locus, so the growth driver is run by the enhancer that should be making antibody.
- MYC alone is not enough. Burkitt lymphoma needs a second lesion that supplies survival, and it comes from tonic B-cell receptor signalling: TCF3 activation or ID3 inactivation in 70% of sporadic cases, switching on the PI3K pathway. A third, independent lesion drives the cycle directly, with CCND3 mutations producing unusually stable cyclin D3 in 38%.
- The uncomfortable gap is that none of this has produced a drug. The regimens that cure Burkitt lymphoma are the most toxic in lymphoma, which is exactly the problem in older patients and in the equatorial regions where the endemic, Epstein-Barr-positive form occurs.

## Open problems

- Relapsed Burkitt lymphoma is rarely curable; CD19-directed CAR-T and bispecifics are being tested.
- Cure rates in sub-Saharan Africa remain far below high-income countries; adapted protocols, rituximab access and supportive-care investment are the response.
- Acute toxicity (tumour lysis, mucositis, infection) of intensive regimens, particularly in adults and the immunocompromised.
- Late effects of anthracyclines and alkylators in survivors treated as children.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkitt_lymphoma
- NCI PDQ: childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma (Burkitt): https://www.cancer.gov/types/lymphoma/hp/child-nhl-treatment-pdq
- Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010: rituximab in high-risk paediatric B-NHL (NEJM 2020): https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1915315
- SIOP PODC adapted treatment guidelines for Burkitt lymphoma in low-income settings: https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.24407

## Connected records

- cancers: [Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/all-leukemia/), [Burkitt leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/burkitt-leukaemia/), [Childhood cancers (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/childhood-cancers/), [Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/dlbcl/), [High-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (double-hit lymphoma)](https://onco.cc/cancers/high-grade-b-cell-lymphoma-myc-bcl2/), [HIV-associated (AIDS-related) lymphomas](https://onco.cc/cancers/hiv-associated-lymphoma/), [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)](https://onco.cc/cancers/post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorder/), [Primary CNS lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/primary-cns-lymphoma/), [Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma/)
- biomarkers: [Double-hit and triple-hit: MYC with BCL2 and BCL6 rearrangement](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/double-hit-rearrangement/)
- technologies: [Allogeneic stem cell transplantation](https://onco.cc/technologies/allogeneic-hsct/), [Autologous stem cell transplant (high-dose therapy)](https://onco.cc/technologies/autologous-stem-cell-transplant/), [CAR-T cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/car-t/), [Comprehensive genomic profiling](https://onco.cc/technologies/cgp/), [Cytogenetics and FISH](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytogenetics-fish/), [Cytotoxic chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/cytotoxic-chemotherapy/), [Early integrated palliative care](https://onco.cc/technologies/palliative-care/), [Exercise during chemotherapy and radiotherapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/exercise-during-chemotherapy/), [Global oncology and access in low- and middle-income countries](https://onco.cc/technologies/global-oncology-access/), [Histopathology & immunohistochemistry](https://onco.cc/technologies/histopathology-ihc/), [Monoclonal antibodies](https://onco.cc/technologies/monoclonal-antibody/), [Multidisciplinary tumour boards](https://onco.cc/technologies/multidisciplinary-tumour-board/), [Oncofertility and fertility preservation](https://onco.cc/technologies/fertility-preservation/), [Peer support and support groups](https://onco.cc/technologies/peer-support-groups/), [Prehabilitation before cancer surgery](https://onco.cc/technologies/prehabilitation/), [Psycho-oncology and distress screening](https://onco.cc/technologies/psycho-oncology/), [Survivorship care and late-effects surveillance](https://onco.cc/technologies/survivorship-care-plan/)
- targets: [BCL7A](https://onco.cc/targets/bcl7a/), [BMP7](https://onco.cc/targets/bmp7/), [CCND3](https://onco.cc/targets/ccnd3/), [CD19](https://onco.cc/targets/cd19/), [CD20](https://onco.cc/targets/cd20/), [CDKN2C](https://onco.cc/targets/cdkn2c/), [CHD8](https://onco.cc/targets/chd8/), [EIF4A1](https://onco.cc/targets/eif4a1/), [FOXO1](https://onco.cc/targets/foxo1/), [GNA13](https://onco.cc/targets/gna13/), [GNAI2](https://onco.cc/targets/gnai2/), [HNRNPU](https://onco.cc/targets/hnrnpu/), [ID3](https://onco.cc/targets/id3/), [MYC](https://onco.cc/targets/myc-gene/), [P2RY8](https://onco.cc/targets/p2ry8/), [PCBP1](https://onco.cc/targets/pcbp1/), [PHF6](https://onco.cc/targets/phf6/), [RFX7](https://onco.cc/targets/rfx7/), [RHOA](https://onco.cc/targets/rhoa/), [SIN3A](https://onco.cc/targets/sin3a/), [TCF3](https://onco.cc/targets/tcf3/), [TFAP4](https://onco.cc/targets/tfap4/), [TP53](https://onco.cc/targets/tp53/), [USP7](https://onco.cc/targets/usp7/), [WNK1](https://onco.cc/targets/wnk1/), [Xanthine oxidase (XDH)](https://onco.cc/targets/xdh/)
- drugs: [Axicabtagene ciloleucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/axicabtagene-ciloleucel/), [Cyclophosphamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/cyclophosphamide/), [Cytarabine](https://onco.cc/drugs/cytarabine/), [Doxorubicin](https://onco.cc/drugs/doxorubicin/), [Etoposide](https://onco.cc/drugs/etoposide/), [Ifosfamide](https://onco.cc/drugs/ifosfamide/), [Methotrexate](https://onco.cc/drugs/methotrexate/), [Prednisone](https://onco.cc/drugs/prednisone/), [Rasburicase](https://onco.cc/drugs/rasburicase/), [Rituximab](https://onco.cc/drugs/rituximab/), [Vincristine](https://onco.cc/drugs/vincristine/)
- companies: [Children's Oncology Group (COG)](https://onco.cc/companies/childrens-oncology-group/)
- institutions: [Anthony Nolan](https://onco.cc/institutions/anthony-nolan/), [Blood Cancer UK](https://onco.cc/institutions/blood-cancer-uk/), [Lymphoma Action](https://onco.cc/institutions/lymphoma-action/), [SIOP Europe (European Society for Paediatric Oncology)](https://onco.cc/institutions/siop-europe/), [Uganda Cancer Institute](https://onco.cc/institutions/uganda-cancer-institute/)
- pathways: [B-cell receptor / BTK signalling (to NF-κB)](https://onco.cc/pathways/bcr-signalling/), [MYC](https://onco.cc/pathways/myc/), [Oncogenic viruses](https://onco.cc/pathways/oncogenic-viruses/), [PI3K / AKT / mTOR](https://onco.cc/pathways/pi3k-akt-mtor/), [The cell-cycle engine (cyclins & CDKs)](https://onco.cc/pathways/cell-cycle-engine-cdks/), [The germinal centre reaction](https://onco.cc/pathways/germinal-centre-reaction/)
- terms: [A clinical trial or standard treatment in lymphoma](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-decision-trial/), [Cancer-related fatigue (tiredness)](https://onco.cc/terms/cancer-related-fatigue/), [Central venous access (port, PICC line)](https://onco.cc/terms/central-venous-access/), [CNS prophylaxis in aggressive B-cell lymphoma, and the evidence against it](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-cns-prophylaxis/), [Double-hit / high-grade B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/terms/double-hit-lymphoma/), [Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cancer](https://onco.cc/terms/ebv-term/), [Epstein-Barr virus latency programmes, and why they decide which lymphoma](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-bio-ebv-latency/), [Febrile neutropenia](https://onco.cc/terms/febrile-neutropenia/), [Fertility before lymphoma treatment: what to ask for, and when](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-fertility-preservation/), [Fertility preservation before lymphoma treatment: a decision with a deadline in days](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-decision-fertility-timing/), [Financial toxicity](https://onco.cc/terms/financial-toxicity/), [Hypogammaglobulinaemia and infection risk after B-cell therapies](https://onco.cc/terms/hypogammaglobulinaemia/), [Infection prophylaxis in lymphoma: PJP, herpes, fungal risk and vaccination](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-pjp-and-infection-prophylaxis/), [Intrathecal therapy (lumbar puncture, Ommaya reservoir)](https://onco.cc/terms/intrathecal-therapy/), [Late effects and survivorship toxicity](https://onco.cc/terms/late-effects/), [Lymphoma (tissue type)](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-type/), [Neutropenia](https://onco.cc/terms/neutropenia/), [Stem cell transplant in lymphoma: what it is still for](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-transplant-role/), [The germinal centre: why lymphoma starts where antibodies are made](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-bio-germinal-centre/), [The lymphoma regimen alphabet: R-CHOP, pola-R-CHP, DA-EPOCH-R, ABVD, BEACOPP and the rest](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-regimen-alphabet/), [Tumour lysis syndrome (TLS)](https://onco.cc/terms/tumor-lysis-syndrome/), [Tumour lysis syndrome in lymphoma: who is at risk, and rasburicase](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-tumour-lysis/)
- trials: [Inter-B-NHL Ritux 2010](https://onco.cc/trials/inter-b-nhl-ritux-2010/), [Rituximab, Rasburicase, and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Newly Diagnosed Advanced B-Cell Leukemia or Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00057811/), [Sepantronium Bromide for the Treatment of High-grade B-cell Lymphoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05263583/), [Substudy 01A: Zilovertamab Vedotin in Pediatric and Young Adult Participants With Hematologic Malignancies or Solid Tumors (MK-9999-01A/LIGHTBEAM-U01)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06395103/)
- bottlenecks: [Most of the world has almost no cancer care](https://onco.cc/bottlenecks/b-global-access/)
- key papers: [A sarcoma involving the jaws in African children](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-burkitt-sarcoma-involving-jaws-african-children-br-j-surg-1958/), [Practical recommendations for the management of children with endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in a resource limited setting](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-hesseling-pediatr-blood-cancer/), [Rituximab for High-Risk, Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Children](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-minard-colin-n-engl-j-med/), [Rituximab plus concurrent infusional EPOCH chemotherapy is highly effective in HIV-associated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-sparano-blood/), [Virus particles in cultured lymphoblasts from Burkitt's lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-epstein-virus-particles-burkitt-lymphoblasts-lancet-1964/)
- roadmaps: [Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/)
- ideas: [The drugs that cure lymphoma, and the places that do not have them](https://onco.cc/ideas/lymphoma-ev-the-drugs-that-cure-and-the-places-without-them/)
- journals: [Tumour virus research](https://onco.cc/journals/tumour-virus-research/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/burkitt-lymphoma.json