# Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT)

Source: https://onco.cc/terms/autologous-transplant/  
OnCo record `autologous-transplant` (Term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

High-dose chemotherapy (melphalan in myeloma, BEAM in lymphoma) that would permanently destroy the bone marrow, made survivable by giving the patient back their own previously collected stem cells, which engraft in 10-14 days. Standard for fit myeloma patients and relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma; the cells rescue the marrow, they do not fight the cancer.

## Summary

Stem cells are mobilised with G-CSF (plus plerixafor), collected by apheresis and frozen; after melphalan (myeloma) or BEAM (lymphoma) conditioning they are reinfused and engraft in 10-14 days. ASCT after quadruplet induction remains standard for fit myeloma patients (PERSEUS, DETERMINATION) though CAR-T is challenging it (CARTITUDE-5/6); in DLBCL it has been displaced from second line by CAR-T (ZUMA-7, TRANSFORM) but remains for later relapse and for Hodgkin lymphoma and germ cell tumours; tandem transplant is part of high-risk neuroblastoma therapy. Mortality is 1-2%; risks are infection during aplasia and later secondary MDS.

## Fields

- Kind: Term
- Last checked: 2026-09-09
- Also known as: ASCT; auto-SCT; autoSCT; autologous transplant; autologous stem cell transplantation; autologous HSCT; auto-HSCT; autologous; high-dose chemotherapy; high-dose therapy; HDT; stem cell rescue; stem cell support; HDC-ASCT; tandem transplant; transplant-eligible myeloma

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation

## Connected records

- terms: [Allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT)](https://onco.cc/terms/allogeneic-transplant/), [Apheresis (leukapheresis)](https://onco.cc/terms/apheresis/), [Conditioning regimen (myeloablative, reduced-intensity)](https://onco.cc/terms/conditioning-regimen/), [Salvage therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/salvage-therapy/), [Stem cell transplant in lymphoma: what it is still for](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-transplant-role/), [Transplant or CAR-T at second line in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-decision-transplant-or-car-t/), [VRd and Dara-VRd (myeloma induction regimens)](https://onco.cc/terms/vrd/)
- cancers: [Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/dlbcl/), [Extragonadal germ cell tumour](https://onco.cc/cancers/extragonadal-germ-cell-tumour/), [Hodgkin lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Mediastinal germ cell tumour](https://onco.cc/cancers/mediastinal-germ-cell-tumour/), [Multiple myeloma](https://onco.cc/cancers/multiple-myeloma/), [Neuroblastoma (paediatric)](https://onco.cc/cancers/neuroblastoma/), [Newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, transplant-eligible](https://onco.cc/cancers/myeloma-transplant-eligible/), [Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (all types)](https://onco.cc/cancers/non-hodgkin-lymphoma/), [Plasma cell leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/plasma-cell-leukaemia/), [Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/primary-mediastinal-b-cell-lymphoma/)
- fronts: [Cell Therapy](https://onco.cc/fronts/cell-therapy/), [Chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/fronts/chemotherapy/)
- drugs: [Melphalan (including hepatic delivery system)](https://onco.cc/drugs/melphalan/)
- trials: [CARTITUDE-4](https://onco.cc/trials/cartitude-4/), [LyMa](https://onco.cc/trials/lyma/), [PRIMA-CNS](https://onco.cc/trials/prima-cns/), [SMILE](https://onco.cc/trials/smile-enktl/), [TRANSFORM](https://onco.cc/trials/transform/), [ZUMA-7](https://onco.cc/trials/zuma-7/)
- key papers: [Phase II study of SMILE chemotherapy for newly diagnosed stage IV, relapsed, or refractory extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type: the NK-Cell Tumor Study Group study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-smile-chemotherapy-nk-t-cell-lymphoma-jco-2011/), [Rituximab after autologous stem-cell transplantation in mantle-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-lyma-rituximab-maintenance-after-transplant-mantle-cell-nejm-2017/), [Second-line tisagenlecleucel or standard care in aggressive B-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-belinda-tisagenlecleucel-second-line-nejm-2022/)
- roadmaps: [Lymphoma roadmap: from a jaw tumour in Uganda and the first human cancer virus to gene-expression subtypes, PET-adapted chemotherapy, CAR-T cells, bispecific antibodies and the genetics-directed trials now recruiting](https://onco.cc/roadmaps/lymphoma-roadmap/)
- companies: [Adienne Pharma & Biotech](https://onco.cc/companies/adienne/), [BioLineRx](https://onco.cc/companies/biolinerx/), [Partner Therapeutics](https://onco.cc/companies/partner-therapeutics/)

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