# Allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT)

Source: https://onco.cc/terms/allogeneic-transplant/  
OnCo record `allogeneic-transplant` (Term). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Replacing a patient's blood system with a donor's: chemotherapy wipes out the marrow, donor stem cells rebuild it, and the donor's immune cells hunt down leftover leukaemia. It is the only cure for adverse-risk or relapsed AML, high-risk ALL, MDS and myelofibrosis, and the riskiest treatment in oncology because of graft-versus-host disease and infection.

## Summary

Used for adverse-risk or relapsed AML, high-risk ALL and MDS, myelofibrosis and some lymphomas. Donors are HLA-matched siblings, matched unrelated donors from registries, haploidentical relatives (now safe with post-transplant cyclophosphamide) or cord blood. Conditioning is myeloablative or reduced-intensity depending on age and fitness. The graft-versus-leukaemia effect is the cure mechanism; graft-versus-host disease, infection and organ toxicity are the price, with treatment-related mortality of 10-25%. MRD-guided transplant decisions, CAR-T bridging and maintenance drugs after transplant (FLT3 inhibitors, azacitidine) are refining who needs it.

## Fields

- Kind: Term
- Last checked: 2026-09-09
- Also known as: allo-SCT; alloSCT; allo-HSCT; alloHCT; HSCT; HCT; allogeneic transplant; allogeneic transplantation; allogeneic stem cell transplantation; allogeneic HSCT; allogeneic; donor transplant; bone marrow transplant; BMT; haploidentical; haplo; matched sibling donor; matched unrelated donor; MUD; cord blood transplant; post-transplant cyclophosphamide; PTCy; donor lymphocyte infusion; DLI; transplant-eligible; transplant-ineligible

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation

## Connected records

- terms: [7+3 induction chemotherapy](https://onco.cc/terms/seven-plus-three/), [AML with myelodysplasia-related gene mutations (AML-MR)](https://onco.cc/terms/aml-myelodysplasia-related/), [Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT)](https://onco.cc/terms/autologous-transplant/), [Conditioning regimen (myeloablative, reduced-intensity)](https://onco.cc/terms/conditioning-regimen/), [DIPSS, DIPSS-plus and MIPSS70 (myelofibrosis risk scores)](https://onco.cc/terms/dipss-mipss70/), [Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft-versus-leukaemia](https://onco.cc/terms/gvhd/), [IPSS-R and IPSS-M (myelodysplastic syndrome risk scores)](https://onco.cc/terms/ipss-m-ipss-r/), [Stem cell transplant in lymphoma: what it is still for](https://onco.cc/terms/lymphoma-tx-transplant-role/), [Undetectable MRD (uMRD / MRD-negative)](https://onco.cc/terms/umrd/)
- cancers: [Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/all-leukemia/), [Acute myeloid leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/aml/), [Chronic myeloid leukaemia, accelerated and blast phase](https://onco.cc/cancers/cml-advanced-phase/), [Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/hepatosplenic-t-cell-lymphoma/), [Higher-risk myelodysplastic syndromes](https://onco.cc/cancers/mds-higher-risk/), [Mixed-phenotype acute leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/mixed-phenotype-acute-leukaemia/), [Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)](https://onco.cc/cancers/post-transplant-lymphoproliferative-disorder/), [Primary myelofibrosis](https://onco.cc/cancers/primary-myelofibrosis/), [Sezary syndrome](https://onco.cc/cancers/sezary-syndrome/), [Splenic B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia with prominent nucleoli (formerly B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia and hairy cell leukaemia variant)](https://onco.cc/cancers/splenic-b-cell-lymphoma-leukaemia-prominent-nucleoli/), [T-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia](https://onco.cc/cancers/t-cell-prolymphocytic-leukaemia/)
- fronts: [Cell Therapy](https://onco.cc/fronts/cell-therapy/)
- technologies: [Allogeneic (off-the-shelf) cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/allogeneic-cell-therapy/), [Fertility in boys and young men treated for cancer, including testicular tissue banking](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-fertility-male/), [Fertility in girls and young women treated for cancer, including ovarian tissue freezing](https://onco.cc/technologies/rejuv-paed-fertility-female/)
- people: [Xiaojun Huang](https://onco.cc/people/huang-xiaojun/)
- trials: [MSB-GVHD001](https://onco.cc/trials/msb-gvhd001/), [ROCKstar](https://onco.cc/trials/rockstar/), [Study 2005-01](https://onco.cc/trials/study-2005-01/)
- key papers: [A phase 3, single-arm, prospective study of remestemcel-L, ex vivo culture-expanded adult human mesenchymal stromal cells for the treatment of pediatric patients who failed to respond to steroid treatment for acute graft-versus-host disease](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-msb-gvhd001-bbmt-2020/), [Belumosudil for chronic graft-versus-host disease after 2 or more prior lines of therapy: the ROCKstar Study](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-rockstar-blood-2021/), [Phase 3 trial of defibrotide for the treatment of severe veno-occlusive disease and multi-organ failure](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-defibrotide-2005-01-blood-2016/)
- companies: [Adienne Pharma & Biotech](https://onco.cc/companies/adienne/), [Neovii](https://onco.cc/companies/neovii/)

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