# Advanced melanoma (unresectable stage III and stage IV)

Source: https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/  
OnCo record `advanced-melanoma` (Cancer). Data CC BY-NC 4.0, attribute "Data from OnCo (onco.cc)"; commercial use needs a licence.

## TL;DR

Advanced melanoma has spread beyond what surgery can remove, and it is the cancer in which immunotherapy first proved it could cure some people: about half of those given nivolumab with ipilimumab are alive ten years later. If immunotherapy fails, options include a cell therapy grown from the patient's own immune cells, a virus injected into the tumour, and targeted pills for BRAF-mutant disease.

## Summary

Until 2011 advanced melanoma was treated with dacarbazine, which shrank about one tumour in ten, or high-dose interleukin-2, which produced rare durable remissions at great toxicity; median survival was six to nine months. Ipilimumab (2010) was the first drug to lengthen survival, from 6.4 to 10.1 months, and produced a plateau with about one in five patients alive long term. PD-1 blockade then transformed the disease: in KEYNOTE-006 pembrolizumab beat ipilimumab with ten-year survival of 34.0 against 23.6 percent, and in CheckMate 067 nivolumab plus ipilimumab, nivolumab and ipilimumab gave ten-year survival of 43, 37 and 19 percent. RELATIVITY-047 (2022) added the LAG-3 antibody relatlimab to nivolumab and lengthened progression-free survival from 4.6 to 10.1 months with about a third of the severe toxicity of the ipilimumab combination.

First-line choice therefore lies between nivolumab-ipilimumab (deepest and longest data, most toxic), nivolumab-relatlimab (less toxic, no proven survival advantage over nivolumab alone) and anti-PD-1 monotherapy for frail patients, with treatment stopped after two years or after a confirmed complete response (KEYNOTE-006). BRAF-mutant patients are treated with immunotherapy first and BRAF-MEK inhibitors second on the DREAMseq result, unless rapid control is needed. Asymptomatic brain metastases respond to nivolumab-ipilimumab (intracranial clinical benefit 57 percent in CheckMate 204) and are treated with drugs first, with radiosurgery for symptomatic or progressing lesions; the details are on the brain metastases page.

After PD-1 failure, tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy produced responses in 31 percent of heavily pretreated patients in C-144-01, and the Dutch randomised trial found progression-free survival of 7.2 against 3.1 months for TIL versus ipilimumab; lifileucel became the first approved cell therapy for a solid tumour in February 2024. The oncolytic virus RP1 (vusolimogene oderparepvec) with nivolumab was approved in 2026 for PD-1-refractory disease, and ipilimumab-based combinations, clinical trials and, for the rare KIT-mutant tumour, imatinib remain options. Fianlimab plus cemiplimab, the PRAME-directed bispecific brenetafusp, the PRAME TCR-T cell therapy IMA203, faecal microbiota transplantation to reverse PD-1 resistance and first-line lifileucel with pembrolizumab (TILVANCE-301) are in phase 3 or pivotal trials.

## Fields

- Kind: Cancer
- Last checked: 2026-09-17
- Also known as: Metastatic melanoma; Stage IV melanoma; Unresectable melanoma; First-line advanced melanoma
- Tags: subtype-page
- Group: skin
- Burden: Roughly one in ten melanomas presents with or progresses to unresectable or metastatic disease; before 2011 median survival was under a year, and about half of patients treated with the nivolumab and ipilimumab combination are now alive at ten years.
- Subtypes: Unresectable stage III (in-transit or nodal disease beyond surgery); Stage IV M1a to M1c (skin, nodes, lung, other viscera); Stage IV M1d (brain metastases; see the brain metastases page); BRAF V600-mutant advanced melanoma (targeted therapy option); PD-1-refractory melanoma (cell therapy, oncolytic virus, trials); Acral and mucosal primaries (lower immunotherapy response rates)
- Biomarkers: BRAF V600 mutation (decides the targeted-therapy option); Lactate dehydrogenase (prognostic and part of staging); PD-L1 expression (weakly predictive; not used to withhold therapy); Tumour mutational burden and interferon-gamma signature (exploratory); NRAS and KIT mutations (trial eligibility, imatinib in KIT-mutant disease); HLA-A*02:01 (tebentafusp eligibility in uveal melanoma only)

## Sections of this record

The page is a hub with ten sections in reading order; large sections have their own page. The same plan as JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/cancers/advanced-melanoma/sections.json

- Overview (on the hub): The TL;DR, the family this cancer belongs to, the organ, who gets it and what the state of the art is. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/#overview [3 state-of-the-art points]
- Types and stages (on the hub): Anatomy, the subtypes and how they differ, how it is staged, and where advanced disease spreads. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/#what-it-is [6 subtypes]
- Symptoms and diagnosis (on the hub): How this cancer shows itself, how the diagnosis is confirmed, and the biomarkers clinicians test for. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/#finding-it [6 biomarkers]
- Treatment (on the hub): The standard of care by setting, the medicines, surgery and radiotherapy named in it, and the regimens behind them. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/#treating-it [6 settings, 5 decisions with options]
- Trials and papers (own page): Trials recruiting now, the landmark trials, the trials held by this cancer's subtypes, the key papers and what they mean, the latest literature, and the milestones year by year. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/evidence/ [61 trials, 7 key papers, 10 milestones]
- Biology and targets (on the hub): The molecular landscape: the targets and how often each appears, the pathways, the mechanics stages and the preclinical models. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/#science [12 targets, 2 pathways]
- Countries and centres (own page): Cases by country, the UK and NHS pathway and other country lenses, the expert centres with trials on record, and the centres named on this cancer's subtypes. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/where-you-are/ [10 UK centres]
- Decisions and support (on the hub): The decisions you may face, the aids that walk through them, the warnings on record, the first sixty days and the questions to ask. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/#living-with-it [24 questions, 6 red cards]
- Pipeline and open problems (own page): Everything in development, the medicines held by this cancer's subtypes, the open problems and what is being done about them, the roadmaps, and what changed on this record. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/coming/ [22 medicines, 60 trials, 3 open problems]
- Data (own page): Every connected record, the notes, the JSON, Markdown and RDF twins, and where the record came from and when it was checked. https://onco.cc/cancers/advanced-melanoma/data/ [144 connected records]

## Standard of care

- First line, fit patient: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab (CheckMate 067) or nivolumab plus relatlimab (RELATIVITY-047); anti-PD-1 monotherapy where toxicity must be minimised (KEYNOTE-006). Immunotherapy first even when BRAF-mutant (DREAMseq). ([CheckMate 067](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-067/), [RELATIVITY-047](https://onco.cc/trials/relativity-047/), [KEYNOTE-006](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-006/), [DREAMseq (ECOG-ACRIN EA6134)](https://onco.cc/trials/dreamseq/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Ipilimumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/ipilimumab/), [Relatlimab + nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/relatlimab-nivolumab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/))
- BRAF V600-mutant, after immunotherapy or when rapid control is needed: Dabrafenib-trametinib, encorafenib-binimetinib or vemurafenib-cobimetinib. ([BRAF V600-mutant melanoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/braf-v600-melanoma/), [Dabrafenib + trametinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/dabrafenib-trametinib/), [Encorafenib](https://onco.cc/drugs/encorafenib/), [Binimetinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/binimetinib/), [COLUMBUS](https://onco.cc/trials/columbus/), [COMBI-d](https://onco.cc/trials/combi-d/), [coBRIM](https://onco.cc/trials/cobrim/))
- Brain metastases: Nivolumab plus ipilimumab first for asymptomatic lesions (CheckMate 204); radiosurgery for symptomatic or progressing lesions; dabrafenib-trametinib in BRAF-mutant disease needing fast control. See the brain metastases page. ([CheckMate 204](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-204/), [Brain metastases (secondary brain tumours)](https://onco.cc/cancers/secondary-brain-tumours/), [Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radiosurgery-srs/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Ipilimumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/ipilimumab/))
- After PD-1 failure: Lifileucel TIL therapy (C-144-01); RP1 with nivolumab; ipilimumab-based combinations; clinical trials; imatinib for KIT-mutant tumours. ([Lifileucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/lifileucel/), [C-144-01](https://onco.cc/trials/c-144-01/), [TIL therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/til-therapy/), [Vusolimogene oderparepvec](https://onco.cc/drugs/vusolimogene-oderparepvec/), [Ipilimumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/ipilimumab/), [Imatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/imatinib/))
- Treatment duration: Stop anti-PD-1 therapy after two years or after a confirmed complete response; most remissions hold off treatment (KEYNOTE-006). ([KEYNOTE-006](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-006/), [Fixed-duration vs continuous therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/fixed-duration/))
- Oligometastatic disease: Surgery or radiosurgery for isolated metastases alongside systemic therapy; isolated limb perfusion for limb-confined disease. ([Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radiosurgery-srs/), [Isolated limb perfusion and infusion](https://onco.cc/technologies/isolated-limb-perfusion/))

## State of the art

- About half of patients treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab are alive at ten years, the longest immunotherapy follow-up in any cancer.
- Lifileucel is the first approved cell therapy for a solid tumour and RP1 the second approved oncolytic virus, both for PD-1-refractory disease.
- Immunotherapy first, targeted therapy second is the settled sequence for BRAF-mutant disease.

## Open problems

- About four in ten patients never respond to PD-1 blockade and no biomarker reliably identifies them.
- Who needs the ipilimumab component and its toxicity, and whether relatlimab can replace it, has not been settled.
- Acral, mucosal and uveal melanomas respond far less well and have few dedicated trials.

## Sources

- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma
- CheckMate 067 ten-year results (NEJM 2025): https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2407417
- KEYNOTE-006 ten-year follow-up (Annals of Oncology 2024): https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(24)03910-3/fulltext
- Dutch TIL trial (NEJM 2022): https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2210233
- Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanoma

## Connected records

- cancers: [Acral melanoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/acral-melanoma/), [BRAF V600-mutant melanoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/braf-v600-melanoma/), [Brain metastases (secondary brain tumours)](https://onco.cc/cancers/secondary-brain-tumours/), [Melanoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/melanoma/), [Mucosal melanoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/mucosal-melanoma/), [Stage IIB and IIC melanoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/stage-ii-melanoma/), [Stage III melanoma (after surgery)](https://onco.cc/cancers/stage-iii-melanoma/), [Uveal melanoma](https://onco.cc/cancers/uveal-melanoma/)
- technologies: [Faecal microbiota transplantation for PD-1 non-responders](https://onco.cc/technologies/fmt-checkpoint-nonresponders/), [Immune checkpoint inhibitors](https://onco.cc/technologies/checkpoint-inhibitor/), [Isolated limb perfusion and infusion](https://onco.cc/technologies/isolated-limb-perfusion/), [LAG-3 blockade](https://onco.cc/technologies/lag3-blockade/), [Oncolytic viruses](https://onco.cc/technologies/oncolytic-virus/), [Stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife, CyberKnife, linac SRS)](https://onco.cc/technologies/radiosurgery-srs/), [TCR-T cell therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/tcr-t/), [TIL therapy](https://onco.cc/technologies/til-therapy/)
- targets: [BRAF](https://onco.cc/targets/braf/), [CTLA-4](https://onco.cc/targets/ctla4/), [KIT](https://onco.cc/targets/kit/), [LAG-3](https://onco.cc/targets/lag3/), [PD-1](https://onco.cc/targets/pd1/), [PRAME](https://onco.cc/targets/prame/)
- drugs: [Aldesleukin (high-dose IL-2)](https://onco.cc/drugs/aldesleukin/), [Binimetinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/binimetinib/), [Brenetafusp](https://onco.cc/drugs/brenetafusp/), [Cobimetinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/cobimetinib/), [Dabrafenib + trametinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/dabrafenib-trametinib/), [Dacarbazine](https://onco.cc/drugs/dacarbazine/), [EIK1001](https://onco.cc/drugs/eik1001/), [Encorafenib](https://onco.cc/drugs/encorafenib/), [Fianlimab](https://onco.cc/drugs/fianlimab/), [IMA203](https://onco.cc/drugs/ima203/), [Imatinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/imatinib/), [IO102-IO103](https://onco.cc/drugs/io102-io103/), [Ipilimumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/ipilimumab/), [Lifileucel](https://onco.cc/drugs/lifileucel/), [Nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/nivolumab/), [Pembrolizumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/pembrolizumab/), [Relatlimab + nivolumab](https://onco.cc/drugs/relatlimab-nivolumab/), [Tacquell (autologous melanoma-derived tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes)](https://onco.cc/drugs/tacquell/), [Talimogene laherparepvec](https://onco.cc/drugs/talimogene-laherparepvec/), [Tunlametinib](https://onco.cc/drugs/tunlametinib/), [Vemurafenib](https://onco.cc/drugs/vemurafenib/), [Vusolimogene oderparepvec](https://onco.cc/drugs/vusolimogene-oderparepvec/)
- pathways: [PD-1 / PD-L1 immune checkpoint & T-cell activation](https://onco.cc/pathways/pd1-checkpoint/), [RAS / RAF / MEK / ERK (MAPK)](https://onco.cc/pathways/ras-mapk/)
- terms: [Brain metastases (intracranial disease)](https://onco.cc/terms/brain-metastases/), [Fixed-duration vs continuous therapy](https://onco.cc/terms/fixed-duration/), [Immune-related adverse events (irAEs)](https://onco.cc/terms/irae/), [Interferon-gamma gene signature (T-cell-inflamed signature)](https://onco.cc/terms/interferon-gamma-signature/)
- trials: [A Clinical Study of BCD-217 (Nurulimab + Prolgolimab) Followed by Anti-PD-1 Compared to Anti-PD-1 Monotherapy as First-Line Treatment in Subjects With Unresectable/Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05732805/), [A Clinical Study of Intismeran Autogene (V940) and Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in People With Melanoma (V940-012/INTerpath-012)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06961006/), [A Clinical Trial of Three Study Medicines (Encorafenib, Binimetinib, and Pembrolizumab) in Patients With Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04657991/), [A Phase Ib Study of PRJ1-3024 for Treatment of Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06727630/), [A Phase II Study of Vemurafenib Combined With Acitretin in Patients With Advanced Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02050321/), [A Phase II Trial of LM103 in Advanced Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07310784/), [A Single Arm Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of EVX-01 in Combination With Pembrolizumab in Adults With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05309421/), [A Study of APG-115 in as a Monotherapy or Combination With Pembrolizumab in Patients With Metastatic Melanomas or Advanced Solid Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03611868/), [A Study of Ceralasertib Monotherapy and Ceralasertib Plus Durvalumab in Patients With Melanoma and Resistance to PD-(L)1 Inhibition](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05061134/), [A Study of GC101 TIL in Advanced Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06703398/), [A Study of IBI363 in Subjects With Advanced Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06081920/), [A Study of Lifileucel (Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes) in Adults With Advanced Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07288203/), [A Study of NKTR-214 Combined With Nivolumab vs Nivolumab Alone in Participants With Previously Untreated Inoperable or Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct03635983/), [A Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Pediatric Participants With an Advanced Solid Tumor or Lymphoma (MK-3475-051/KEYNOTE-051)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02332668/), [A Study of ST-1898 for Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06359860/), [A Study of Subcutaneous Nivolumab + Relatlimab Fixed-dose Combination (FDC) in Previously Untreated Metastatic or Unresectable Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05625399/), [A Study to Assess Naporafenib (ERAS-254) Administered With Trametinib in Patients With NRAS-mutant Melanoma (SEACRAFT-2)](https://onco.cc/trials/seacraft-2/), [A Study to Evaluate ABP 206 Compared With OPDIVO® (Nivolumab) in Subjects With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06054555/), [A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of IBI363 Monotherapy Compared to Pembrolizumab in Patients With Unresectable Locally Advanced or Metastat](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06797297/), [A Study to Investigate the Antitumor Activity, Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of BGB-A445 in Combination With Tislelizumab in Participants](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05661955/), [A Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of an Infusion of IOV-4001 in Adult Participants With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma or Stage III or IV Non-small-cell Lung Cancer](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05361174/), [A Study to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of IOV-3001 in Adults With Advanced Melanoma Who Will Receive Lifileucel](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06940739/), [A Study With Combinations of Anti-LAG-3 and Anti-PD-1 Antibodies in Adult Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Melanoma (Harmony Head-to-Head)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06246916/), [A Trial of LNS8801 With or Without Pembrolizumab in Patients With Refractory Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06624644/), [AMT-253 in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumours](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06209580/), [Belvarafenib in Combination With Cobimetinib in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic NRAS-Mutant Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07449754/), [C-144-01](https://onco.cc/trials/c-144-01/), [CheckMate 067](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-067/), [CheckMate 204](https://onco.cc/trials/checkmate-204/), [Clinical Study of the Efficacy and Safety of BCD-263 and Opdivo® as Monotherapy in Subjects With Advanced Melanoma of the Skin](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06640530/), [coBRIM](https://onco.cc/trials/cobrim/), [COLUMBUS](https://onco.cc/trials/columbus/), [COMBI-d](https://onco.cc/trials/combi-d/), [Comparing Tunlametinib Capsules and Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced NRAS-mutant Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06008106/), [Different Doses of BI-1607 in Combination With Pembrolizumab and Ipilimumab, in Participants With Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06784648/), [DREAMseq (ECOG-ACRIN EA6134)](https://onco.cc/trials/dreamseq/), [Efficacy and Safety Study of Talimogene Laherparepvec Compared to Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) in Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00769704/), [Fianlimab + cemiplimab phase 3 (first-line melanoma)](https://onco.cc/trials/fianlimab-phase3-melanoma/), [IO102-IO103 in Combination With Pembrolizumab Versus Pembrolizumab Alone in Advanced Melanoma (IOB-013 / KN-D18)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05155254/), [KEYNOTE-006](https://onco.cc/trials/keynote-006/), [LGX818 and MEK162 in Combination With a Third Agent (BKM120, LEE011, BGJ398 or INC280) in Advanced BRAF Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02159066/), [MC1R-targeted Alpha-particle Monotherapy and Combination Therapy Trial With Nivolumab in Adults With Advanced Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05655312/), [Mirdametinib in Patients With Advanced NF1-mutant Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07237100/), [Pembrolizumab With Talimogene Laherparepvec or Placebo in Unresected Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02263508/), [Phase I/II Clinical Study of JMT108 Injection for the Treatment of Advanced Malignant Melanoma and Urinary Tract Tumors](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07280832/), [Phase II Trial of Ontak With Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct00299689/), [PHOENIX-ECP- Extracorporeal Photopheresis for Immune-related Colitis and/or Hepatitis in Advanced Melanoma With Inadequate Response to Steroid Exposure](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07619898/), [PRISM-MEL-301](https://onco.cc/trials/prism-mel-301/), [RELATIVITY-047](https://onco.cc/trials/relativity-047/), [Safety and Efficacy of EIK1001 in Combo With Pembro Versus Placebo and Pembro as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Advanced Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06697301/), [SCIB1 and iSCIB1+ in Melanoma Patients Receiving Nivolumab With Ipilimumab or SCIB1 With Pembrolizumab (The SCOPE Study)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04079166/), [Study Comparing Investigational Drug HBI-8000 + Nivolumab vs. Placebo + Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04674683/), [Study of Denileukin Diftitox in Participants With Stage IIIC and Stage IV Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct01127451/), [Study of Efficacy and Safety of LXH254 Combinations in Patients With Previously Treated Unresectable or Metastatic Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct04417621/), [Study of the Efficacy of Intratumoral L19IL2 or L19TNF or L19IL2/L19TNF, in Combination With Pembrolizumab, in Unresectable Melanoma Patients](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06284590/), [Study to Compare Pharmacokinetics, Efficacy, Safety, and Immunogenicity of MB11 Versus EU-/US-Opdivo® in Subjects With Previously Untreated Advanced [Unresectable or Metastatic] Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct07221734/), [Study to Investigate Lifileucel Regimen Plus Pembrolizumab Compared With Pembrolizumab Alone in Participants With Untreated Advanced Melanoma.](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05727904/), [SUPRAME-ACTengine® IMA203 vs. Investigator's Choice of Treatment in Previously Treated, Unresectable or Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06743126/), [Tebentafusp Regimen Versus Investigator's Choice in Previously Treated Advanced Melanoma (TEBE-AM)](https://onco.cc/trials/nct05549297/), [VO and Nivolumab vs Physician's Choice in Advanced Melanoma That Progressed on Anti-PD-1 & Anti-CTLA-4 Drugs [IGNYTE-3]](https://onco.cc/trials/nct06264180/), [X4P-001 and Pembrolizumab in Patients With Advanced Melanoma](https://onco.cc/trials/nct02823405/)
- people: [Antoni Ribas](https://onco.cc/people/antoni-ribas/), [Caroline Robert](https://onco.cc/people/caroline-robert/), [F. Stephen Hodi](https://onco.cc/people/f-stephen-hodi/), [Hussein A. Tawbi](https://onco.cc/people/hussein-tawbi/), [James Larkin](https://onco.cc/people/james-larkin/), [Jedd D. Wolchok](https://onco.cc/people/jedd-wolchok/), [Michael A. Postow](https://onco.cc/people/michael-postow/), [Michael B. Atkins](https://onco.cc/people/michael-atkins/)
- key papers: [C-144-01: lifileucel, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes grown from a patient's own tumour, in melanoma after checkpoint inhibitors have failed](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-c-144-01-lifileucel-melanoma-jco-2021/), [CheckMate 067 at ten years: nivolumab plus ipilimumab produces long-term survival in half of patients with advanced melanoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-checkmate-067-10-year-nejm-2025/), [DREAMseq (ECOG-ACRIN EA6134): sequencing dabrafenib-trametinib and nivolumab-ipilimumab in BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-dreamseq-jco-2023/), [IGNYTE: an engineered herpes virus with nivolumab in melanoma that had already failed anti-PD-1 therapy](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-wong-ignyte-rp1-nivolumab-jco-2025/), [KEYNOTE-006 (Robert 2015): pembrolizumab versus ipilimumab in advanced melanoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-keynote-006-pembrolizumab-ipilimumab-melanoma-nejm-2015/), [OPTiM: the trial that made talimogene laherparepvec the first approved oncolytic virus](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-andtbacka-optim-talimogene-jco-2015/), [RELATIVITY-047: relatlimab plus nivolumab, the first LAG-3 checkpoint combination, in untreated advanced melanoma](https://onco.cc/key-papers/paper-relativity-047-nejm-2022/)
- biomarkers: [BRAF V600E (and V600K)](https://onco.cc/biomarkers/braf-v600e/)

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JSON: https://onco.cc/api/v1/entities/advanced-melanoma.json